The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children’s annual report said the organization received about 29.2 million reports of suspected exploitation in 2024 — a drop of roughly 19% compared with the year before. The top U.S. watchdog monitoring child exploitation online says that a sharp drop in reports from tech companies is primarily due to Meta and its embrace of end-to-end encryption.

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children’s annual report, released Tuesday, said the organization received about 29.2 million reports of suspected exploitation in 2024 — a drop of roughly 19% compared with the year before. In total, the organization received 7 million fewer reports. It’s the largest drop in the organization’s history, and only the second on record.

"When I saw the number my question was, ‘Did somebody stop reporting altogether? Did somebody go out of business or merge?’" said Yiota Souras, the center's chief legal officer. "There wasn’t anything like that."

Meta accounted for almost the entire decline, reporting 6.9 million fewer incidents than in 2023, according to the report. The company has been the top incident reporter to the center since at least 2019, and this year still made up over 67% of the center's total reports. Meta’s Facebook is the world’s largest social media platform, and its WhatsApp, Instagram, and Messenger all rank in the top 10 largest social tech platforms by monthly active users.

In a statement, a Meta spokesperson said: "We’ll continue working with NCMEC to make our reports as valuable as possible and we expect to continue to report more than any of our peers." Meta said that it increased the number of reports involving direct contact with minors, and noted that even in its encrypted environments, it provides users with reporting tools.

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) is tasked by the federal government (through the PROTECT Act of 2003) to receive, process, and analyze reports of online child exploitation made by tech companies and the public. Their annual report is widely viewed by child safety experts as an authoritative snapshot of what is believed to be the escalating problem of child exploitation online. Since the reports began being collected by tech companies in 1998, the numbers have increased sharply, going from fewer than a million total per year to 36.2 million in 2023. NCMEC has said that the increasing number of reports reflects a ballooning issue, but also better reporting practices.

Souras said that NCMEC’s analytics suggest that Meta’s drop in reports was almost entirely due to instituting end-to-end encryption on Facebook and Messenger. Meta has said that it embraced end-to-end encryption on the platforms to provide more safety, security, and privacy for its users. The company has also stressed that it built safety measures to combat abuse and made changes to its age policies.

End-to-end encryption is a security protocol that limits platforms’ ability to analyze the contents of messages. Security advocates have praised the proliferation of the technology, but many law enforcement and child safety advocates have said that widespread use of end-to-end encryption will severely handicap the ability of law enforcement and tech companies to detect crime on their platforms. 

"There is no visibility into incidents in the same way, regardless of what companies may say that they’re doing it as alternative measures," she said. "We feel like this is the year that we were seeing what happens when companies default encrypt on social media platforms where there are kids and offenders — we lose reports."

In 2024, Meta piloted a new program with NCMEC, allowing the platform to "bundle" reports, which resulted in an even lower number of total reports. 

NCMEC and Meta celebrated the rollout of the bundling feature, which they said reduces redundancy and streamlines operations.

"We partnered with NCMEC to streamline our reporting process by grouping duplicate viral or meme content into a single cybertip. This contributed significantly to the drop in cybertips last year, and allowed NCMEC and law enforcement to more easily manage and prioritize them," a Meta spokesperson said.

NCMEC said when the bundled reports were unbundled, allowing for a count of every incident, there was still a disparity of 7 million reports between years. 

Meta wasn’t alone in reducing its reporting numbers in 2024. NCMEC also noted that Google, X, Discord, Microsoft, and the cloud software company Synchronoss all submitted at least 20% fewer reports than in 2023. 

NCMEC says its not clear what drove the reduction in reports, but emphasized that the cost is high for each instance of child exploitation that isn’t detected or reported by tech companies.

"Behind every report is a child who is being sextorted, enticed, whose sexual abuse, images of their abuse, of their rape, is being traded," Souras said. "If no one can see that report, because they cannot see that image for it to be reported, no one is likely to be able to intervene and help recover that child."

In a statement, a Microsoft spokesperson said the company "proactively implements measures to detect and disrupt child sexual exploitation on our services. We are in regular contact with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children and continue to take steps to improve our reporting systems. We take this issue seriously and expect to see our reporting numbers increase in 2025."

Google and Discord both said that they had consolidated some of their reports, which contributed to their decline in numbers, but NCMEC spokesperson Gavin Portnoy said that "any changes they made are not via the official feature in the CyberTipline reporting pipeline," referring to the NCMEC’s reporting platform. "I don’t know that any changes made to their reporting last year would have fully accounted for the decrease we saw."

A Discord spokesperson said that the platform began submitting all reports pertaining to any specific user in daily batches, and that it increased the number of total users it reported to NCMEC year over year. Discord also said that it improved its detection and enforcement mechanisms, which it said decreased the total number of reports submitted.

Despite the drop in overall reported incidents, NCMEC noted some positive data trends, including a 55% increase in reports related to child sex trafficking, which it says are some of the most critical reports that can aid law enforcement and help save children. It also noted that it is seeing an increase in reports of online enticement and extortion, a growing issue facing young boys online.

Those increasing numbers follow the passage of the REPORT Act, which was signed into law in 2024 and mandates that tech companies report instances of online enticement and trafficking to NCMEC.

"When we look at the REPORT act, and that is the only thing that is impacting these two particular crimes, you know, what we’re seeing is really a tremendous success story — very, very targeted legislation about a very targeted issue can produce these results," Souras said. "It is making us definitely look at, how do we improve the reporting of the cyber tip line, not only in quantity, but especially in quality."

Child exploitation watchdog says Meta encryption led to sharp decrease in tips and reports

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) reported a 19% decline in child exploitation incidents in 2024, with Meta's adoption of end-to-end encryption cited as the primary cause. Other tech companies also reduced reports, though the NCMEC attributed the drop to encryption and reporting system changes. The REPORT Act of 2024 saw increased reports on child sex trafficking and online enticement.