1211
COM:BYD
BYD Company Limited
- Stock
Last Close
258.60
25/11 08:08
Market Cap
741.05B
Beta: -
Volume Today
6.83M
Avg: -
Preview
Full access to financials is available to subscribers only. Please support our work and get full access to all features. You can cancel anytime. If you'd like a demo, free trial or have any questions, please checkout the help page
Mar '14 | Jun '14 | Sep '14 | Dec '14 | Mar '15 | Jun '15 | Sep '15 | Dec '15 | Mar '16 | Jun '16 | Sep '16 | Dec '16 | Mar '17 | Jun '17 | Sep '17 | Dec '17 | Mar '18 | Jun '18 | Sep '18 | Dec '18 | Mar '19 | Jun '19 | Sep '19 | Dec '19 | Mar '20 | Jun '20 | Sep '20 | Dec '20 | Mar '21 | Jun '21 | Sep '21 | Dec '21 | Mar '22 | Jun '22 | Sep '22 | Dec '22 | Mar '23 | Jun '23 | Sep '23 | Dec '23 | Mar '24 | Jun '24 | Sep '24 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
net income | 11.97M - | 348.73M 2,814.30% | 28.22M 91.91% | 44.62M 58.11% | 120.95M 171.08% | 345.71M 185.84% | 1.49B 332.35% | 862.08M 42.32% | 850.71M 1.32% | 1.41B 65.63% | 1.40B 0.32% | 1.39B 1.17% | 605.79M 56.36% | 1.12B 84.41% | 1.07B 4.35% | 1.28B 19.33% | 102.42M 91.97% | 376.67M 267.76% | 1.05B 178.21% | 1.25B 19.58% | 749.73M 40.17% | 704.84M 5.99% | 119.72M 83.01% | 40.15M 66.46% | 112.64M 180.51% | 1.55B 1,275.93% | 1.75B 12.99% | 820.70M 53.13% | 237.36M 71.08% | 936.22M 294.43% | 1.27B 35.60% | 602.08M 52.58% | 808.41M 34.27% | 2.79B 244.74% | 5.72B 105.11% | 7.31B 27.90% | 4.13B 43.51% | 6.82B 65.23% | 10.41B 52.59% | |||||
depreciation and amortization | -9.16B - | 20.29B 321.61% | 18.13B - | -18.13B 200% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
deferred income tax | 40.54B - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stock based compensation | -51.06M - | 591.31M 1,258.02% | 567.86M - | -567.86M 200% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
change in working capital | -54.11B - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
accounts receivables | -17.55B - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
inventory | -36.56B - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
accounts payables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
other working capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
other non cash items | -11.97M - | -348.73M 2,814.30% | -28.22M 91.91% | -44.62M 58.11% | -120.95M 171.08% | -345.71M 185.84% | -1.49B 332.35% | -862.08M 42.32% | -850.71M 1.32% | -1.41B 65.63% | -1.40B 0.32% | -1.39B 1.17% | -605.79M 56.36% | -1.12B 84.41% | -1.07B 4.35% | -1.28B 19.33% | -102.42M 91.97% | -376.67M 267.76% | -1.05B 178.21% | -1.25B 19.58% | -749.73M 40.17% | -704.84M 5.99% | -119.72M 83.01% | -40.15M 66.46% | -112.64M 180.51% | -1.55B 1,275.93% | -1.75B 12.99% | -820.70M 53.13% | -237.36M 71.08% | -936.22M 294.43% | -1.27B 35.60% | -602.08M 52.58% | -808.41M 34.27% | -2.79B 244.74% | 9.21B 430.34% | -7.31B 179.41% | -4.13B 43.51% | 41.99B 1,116.65% | 24.17B 42.44% | |||||
net cash provided by operating activities | -1.12B - | 572.74M 151.30% | -1.05B 284.19% | 1.64B 255.15% | 3.94B 140.55% | -914.97M 123.24% | -4.56B 398.71% | 5.38B 217.97% | -1.25B 123.28% | -175.15M 86.03% | -1.40B 699.55% | 983.37M 170.22% | -2.42B 345.92% | -1.05B 56.50% | 4.17B 496.05% | 5.67B 36.14% | -217.95M 103.84% | -1.39B 537.13% | 8.26B 694.61% | 5.87B 28.88% | 407.88M 93.05% | -2.47B 706.15% | 5.90B 338.52% | 10.91B 84.98% | 4.95B 54.63% | 10.59B 113.99% | 13.13B 23.94% | 16.73B 27.46% | 141.86M 99.15% | 9.53B 6,621.60% | 22.20B 132.79% | 33.59B 51.34% | 11.93B 64.48% | 2.79B 76.65% | 5.72B 105.11% | 7.31B 27.90% | 4.13B 43.51% | 67.51B 1,534.49% | 15.89B 76.46% | 71.86B 352.29% | ||||
investments in property plant and equipment | -1.18B - | -2.31B 94.92% | -2.29B 0.63% | -2.80B 22.10% | -2.49B 10.97% | -2.86B 14.88% | -3.10B 8.33% | -3.84B 23.81% | -2.72B 29.17% | -3.38B 24.42% | -2.99B 11.70% | -3.97B 32.79% | -3.30B 16.68% | -3.38B 2.27% | -3.58B 6.04% | -4.51B 25.80% | -4.04B 10.36% | -4.23B 4.74% | -4.26B 0.56% | -5.31B 24.76% | -4.86B 8.48% | -6.81B 40.10% | -3.73B 45.22% | -5.23B 40.11% | -3.93B 24.79% | -2.56B 34.75% | -2.68B 4.54% | -2.60B 3.14% | -4.21B 62.02% | -6.20B 47.33% | -10.31B 66.34% | -16.62B 61.22% | -13.45B 19.07% | -22.67B 68.52% | -28.15B 24.15% | -33.18B 17.86% | -32.36B 2.47% | -33.58B 3.77% | -35.03B 4.32% | -21.13B 39.69% | -26.09B 23.51% | -21.13B 19.02% | -22.29B 5.49% | |
acquisitions net | 37.24M - | 185.59M - | 1.76M - | 526.68M - | 500K 99.91% | 2.62M 424% | 12.58M 380.15% | 391K 96.89% | 25.49M 6,420.20% | 41.61M 63.21% | 27.02M 35.06% | 120.49M 345.93% | -20.61M 117.10% | 125.12M 707.19% | 330.88M 164.46% | 8.12M 97.55% | 68.76M 746.93% | 6.91B 9,944.38% | 4.10B 40.67% | 52.93M 98.71% | 97.02M 83.28% | 8.04M 91.72% | -11.94M 248.61% | 4.77M 139.91% | 931K 80.47% | 48.88M 5,150.27% | 530.08M 984.44% | 221.40M 58.23% | 222.13M - | 28.32M 87.25% | -14.06B 49,737.82% | 2.49M - | ||||||||||||
purchases of investments | -300M - | -45M 85% | -143.80M 219.56% | -43.65M 69.65% | -80.98M 85.52% | -611.80M 655.50% | -100.50M 83.57% | -277.31M 175.93% | -52.09M 81.22% | -751.29M 1,342.38% | -39.67M 94.72% | -83.86M 111.39% | -245M 192.16% | -132.35M 45.98% | -620.96M 369.16% | -608.30M 2.04% | -191.82M 68.47% | -91.60M 52.25% | -265M 189.30% | -280.89M 6.00% | -394.23M 40.35% | -152.81M 61.24% | -100M 34.56% | -441.90M 341.90% | -816.92M 84.87% | -43.50M 94.68% | -492.77M 1,032.82% | -483.62M 1.86% | -542.38M 12.15% | -144.05M 73.44% | -269.22M 86.89% | -2.57B 855.05% | -1.70B 33.81% | -762.03M 55.22% | -5.15B 576.12% | -2.96B 42.61% | -384.14M 87.01% | -576.13M 49.98% | -506.22M 12.13% | -618.46M 22.17% | -1.61B 159.75% | -146.71M 90.87% | -1.23B 737.14% | |
sales maturities of investments | 4.26M - | 449.15M - | 1.47M - | 13.01M - | 16.85M 29.47% | 955.31M 5,570.49% | 36.67M 96.16% | -923.17M 2,617.77% | 317K 100.03% | 35.69M 11,159.94% | 13.26M 62.86% | 5.50M 58.47% | 12.60M 128.81% | 196.07M 1,456.57% | 50.24M 74.38% | 22.02M 56.17% | 949K 95.69% | 20.79M 2,091.15% | 28.50M 37.08% | 18.15M 36.32% | 95.57M 426.47% | 69.69M 27.08% | 51.08M 26.71% | 28.93M 43.37% | 30.64M 5.93% | 90.79M 196.31% | 9.81M 89.19% | 72.65M 640.55% | 32.42M 55.37% | 26.42M 18.50% | 30.29M 14.63% | 53.98M 78.25% | 138.04M 155.69% | 16.34M 88.16% | 36.00M 120.28% | 2.03M 94.36% | 114.23M 5,529.67% | 253.58M 122.00% | 487.03M 92.06% | |||||
other investing activites | 18.29M - | 84.56M 362.48% | 452.30M 434.85% | -82.51M 118.24% | 1.53B 1,948.54% | 28.96M 98.10% | 295.00M 918.70% | 362.25M 22.80% | 240.68M 33.56% | -188.01M 178.12% | 11.65M 106.20% | 371.65M 3,089.87% | 23.42M 93.70% | -4.14M 117.66% | -34.67M 738.14% | 165.10M 576.15% | -1.01B 714.36% | 1.15B 213.82% | 3.43B 197.34% | 143.45M 95.82% | -469.70M 427.43% | -6.34B 1,249.82% | -4.78B 24.58% | 1.23B 125.76% | 65.53M 94.68% | 108.06M 64.91% | 28.23M 73.87% | -1.38B 4,982.06% | -79.05M 94.26% | -1.92B 2,325.58% | 670.50M 134.97% | -4.21B 728.31% | 2.53B 159.99% | -6.80B 369.12% | -7.58B 11.41% | -857.08M 88.69% | 9.91B 1,255.84% | -1.92B 119.40% | -395.42M 79.43% | 4.54B 1,248.01% | 280M 93.83% | -7.87B 2,910.80% | -7.75B 1.58% | |
net cash used for investing activites | -1.46B - | -2.22B 51.89% | -1.98B 10.88% | -2.29B 15.44% | -1.05B 54.27% | -3.44B 228.75% | -2.91B 15.57% | -3.21B 10.60% | -2.51B 21.81% | -3.36B 33.87% | -2.97B 11.84% | -4.60B 55.16% | -3.50B 23.92% | -3.44B 1.76% | -4.20B 22.11% | -4.83B 14.92% | -5.26B 8.91% | -2.85B 45.79% | -707.93M 75.15% | -5.42B 665.37% | -5.65B 4.37% | -6.38B 12.74% | -4.49B 29.63% | -4.37B 2.69% | -4.49B 2.85% | -2.42B 46.04% | -3.11B 28.24% | -4.43B 42.45% | -4.80B 8.41% | -8.12B 69.27% | -9.37B 15.39% | -23.11B 146.67% | -12.60B 45.50% | -30.21B 139.84% | -40.85B 35.21% | -36.94B 9.57% | -22.70B 38.55% | -35.84B 57.90% | -35.87B 0.08% | -31.26B 12.84% | -27.27B 12.77% | -28.60B 4.90% | -30.78B 7.59% | |
debt repayment | -5.02B - | -5.15B 2.78% | -3.87B 24.91% | -6.98B 80.34% | -5.76B 17.48% | -3.81B 33.88% | -3.82B 0.17% | -5.38B 40.91% | -5.28B 1.75% | -5.84B 10.51% | -10.57B 81.00% | -5.00B 52.63% | -7.30B 45.95% | -11.96B 63.70% | -5.19B 56.60% | -11.80B 127.36% | -8.69B 26.31% | -16.19B 86.20% | -15.99B 1.21% | -16.68B 4.30% | -15.89B 4.73% | -19.89B 25.16% | -20.61B 3.62% | -12.21B 40.78% | -19.53B 60.04% | -25.01B 28.01% | -9.95B 60.23% | -12.64B 27.08% | -12.32B 2.49% | -18.75B 52.16% | -6.07B 67.65% | -12.74B 110.03% | -15.09B 18.46% | -8.33B 44.82% | -6.44B 22.68% | -14.19B 120.38% | -647.47M 95.44% | -11.02B 1,602.08% | -5.03B 54.33% | -10.53B 109.23% | -4.43B 57.90% | -5.99B 35.23% | -10.68B 78.24% | |
common stock issued | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
common stock repurchased | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dividends paid | -267.50M - | -507.32M 89.65% | -667.66M 31.61% | -324.97M 51.33% | -340.28M 4.71% | -491.62M 44.48% | -549.37M 11.75% | -381.40M 30.58% | -401.63M 5.31% | -621.16M 54.66% | -661.99M 6.57% | -1.47B 122.39% | -457.86M 68.90% | -732.09M 59.90% | -1.34B 83.64% | -613.72M 54.35% | -664.57M 8.29% | -806.83M 21.41% | -1.67B 107.54% | -771.78M 53.91% | -888.66M 15.14% | -972.98M 9.49% | -1.52B 56.04% | -858.42M 43.46% | -921.16M 7.31% | -1.17B 27.19% | -948.73M 19.02% | -589.78M 37.83% | -550.57M 6.65% | -704.25M 27.91% | -932.54M 32.42% | -246.02M 73.62% | -375.78M 52.74% | -361.15M 3.89% | -757.54M 109.76% | -58.92M 92.22% | -241.50M 309.85% | -611.90M 153.37% | -3.59B 487.14% | -471.82M 86.87% | -232.18M 50.79% | -101.58M 56.25% | -9.25B 9,001.88% | |
other financing activites | 7.45B - | 11.33B 51.97% | 4.93B 56.52% | 6.35B 28.98% | 3.70B 41.80% | 7.62B 106.21% | 12.80B 67.90% | 5.15B 59.78% | 6.82B 32.52% | 11.50B 68.58% | 17.70B 53.84% | 10.10B 42.95% | 15.15B 50.07% | 16.67B 10.01% | 6.72B 59.65% | 12.02B 78.82% | 13.61B 13.15% | 23.54B 73.00% | 13.58B 42.30% | 14.67B 7.98% | 23.46B 59.98% | 26.84B 14.42% | 20.50B 23.62% | 8.64B 57.87% | 19.93B 130.72% | 19.15B 3.93% | 480.94M 97.49% | 2.29B 376.62% | 33.31B 1,353.10% | 9.66B 71.00% | 5.70B 40.95% | 19.70B 245.40% | 8.21B 58.31% | 6.94B 15.51% | 201.06M 97.10% | 10.76B 5,251.30% | 12.94B 20.26% | 3.63B 71.93% | 4.83B 33.01% | 23.56B 387.70% | -518.59M 102.20% | -1.08B 108.05% | -1.04B 3.40% | |
net cash used provided by financing activities | 2.17B - | 5.67B 160.95% | 386.64M 93.18% | -953.14M 346.52% | -2.40B 152.16% | 3.32B 238.32% | 8.44B 153.80% | -608.49M 107.21% | 1.14B 287.26% | 5.04B 342.67% | 6.47B 28.23% | 3.62B 44.05% | 7.39B 104.16% | 3.98B 46.17% | 190.73M 95.20% | -387.43M 303.13% | 4.25B 1,196.28% | 6.54B 54.05% | -4.09B 162.45% | -2.79B 31.79% | 6.68B 339.67% | 5.98B 10.48% | -1.62B 127.16% | -4.43B 172.47% | -526.42M 88.11% | -7.03B 1,235.85% | -10.41B 48.08% | -10.94B 5.02% | 20.44B 286.86% | -9.80B 147.94% | -1.29B 86.79% | 6.72B 619.09% | -7.25B 207.99% | -1.75B 75.89% | -7.00B 299.99% | -3.49B 50.10% | 12.05B 445.21% | -8.00B 166.39% | -3.79B 52.57% | 12.56B 431.07% | -5.18B 141.27% | -7.17B 38.42% | 396.97M 105.53% | |
effect of forex changes on cash | 22.82M - | 32.16M 40.92% | 4.32M 86.58% | -28.09M 750.73% | 28.31M 200.79% | -14.12M 149.85% | 51.62M 465.70% | 138.81M 168.92% | -7.93M 105.71% | 40.94M 616.14% | 18.95M 53.72% | 45.11M 138.11% | -6.92M 115.34% | 13.53M 295.46% | -7.06M 152.20% | 6.19M 187.61% | -37.60M 707.58% | 52.43M 239.44% | 59.52M 13.54% | -67.91M 214.09% | -6.25M 90.80% | 17.86M 385.81% | 22.57M 26.38% | 19.15M 15.15% | -7.78M 140.64% | -13.88M 78.35% | -4.44M 68.02% | 49.30M 1,210.66% | -13.18M 126.72% | 29.44M 323.42% | -24.81M 184.27% | -35.30M 42.29% | 25.68M 172.74% | 116.07M 352.03% | 283.25M 144.03% | 184.62M 34.82% | -109.04M 159.06% | 669.82M 714.31% | -190.27M 128.41% | 80.27M 142.19% | -107.84M 234.35% | -123.14M 14.19% | -132.41M 7.53% | |
net change in cash | -387.00M - | 4.05B 1,145.49% | -2.65B 165.42% | -1.63B 38.28% | 515.17M 131.53% | -1.05B 303.01% | 1.02B 197.59% | 1.70B 66.58% | -2.63B 254.95% | 1.55B 158.69% | 2.12B 37.19% | 46.07M 97.83% | 1.46B 3,073.98% | -500.69M 134.24% | 150.79M 130.12% | 464.91M 208.31% | -1.26B 371.83% | 2.36B 286.57% | 3.52B 49.38% | -2.40B 168.17% | 1.43B 159.45% | -2.85B 299.59% | -190.90M 93.30% | 2.14B 1,218.76% | -75.18M 103.52% | 1.12B 1,591.27% | -399.14M 135.60% | 1.42B 455.10% | 15.77B 1,012.37% | -8.35B 152.98% | 11.51B 237.77% | 17.16B 49.12% | -7.89B 145.98% | -592.34M 92.49% | 289.29M 148.84% | 9.56B 3,203.32% | 3.71B 61.18% | 24.34B 556.08% | -23.96B 198.46% | 53.25B 322.21% | -22.33B 141.94% | -31.95B 43.07% | 11.58B 136.25% | |
cash at beginning of period | 4.71B - | 4.32B 8.22% | 8.37B 93.57% | 5.72B 31.62% | 4.09B 28.55% | 4.60B 12.60% | 3.56B 22.71% | 4.58B 28.68% | 6.28B 37.13% | 3.65B 41.95% | 5.19B 42.42% | 7.31B 40.86% | 7.36B 0.63% | 8.82B 19.87% | 8.32B 5.68% | 8.47B 1.81% | 8.94B 5.49% | 7.67B 14.14% | 10.03B 30.73% | 13.55B 35.12% | 11.15B 17.72% | 12.58B 12.80% | 9.73B 22.65% | 9.54B 1.96% | 11.67B 22.39% | 11.60B 0.64% | 12.72B 9.67% | 12.32B 3.14% | 13.74B 11.50% | 29.50B 114.76% | 21.15B 28.31% | 32.66B 54.40% | 49.82B 52.54% | 41.93B 15.84% | 41.34B 1.41% | 41.63B 0.70% | 51.18B 22.96% | 54.89B 7.25% | 79.23B 44.34% | 55.27B 30.24% | 108.51B 96.34% | 86.18B 20.58% | 54.23B 37.08% | |
cash at end of period | 4.32B - | 8.37B 93.57% | 5.72B 31.62% | 4.09B 28.55% | 4.60B 12.60% | 3.56B 22.71% | 4.58B 28.68% | 6.28B 37.13% | 3.65B 41.95% | 5.19B 42.42% | 7.31B 40.86% | 7.36B 0.63% | 8.82B 19.87% | 8.32B 5.68% | 8.47B 1.81% | 8.94B 5.49% | 7.67B 14.14% | 10.03B 30.73% | 13.55B 35.12% | 11.15B 17.72% | 12.58B 12.80% | 9.73B 22.65% | 9.54B 1.96% | 11.67B 22.39% | 11.60B 0.64% | 12.72B 9.67% | 12.32B 3.14% | 13.74B 11.50% | 29.50B 114.76% | 21.15B 28.31% | 32.66B 54.40% | 49.82B 52.54% | 41.93B 15.84% | 41.34B 1.41% | 41.63B 0.70% | 51.18B 22.96% | 54.89B 7.25% | 79.23B 44.34% | 55.27B 30.24% | 108.51B 96.34% | 86.18B 20.58% | 54.23B 37.08% | 65.81B 21.36% | |
operating cash flow | -1.12B - | 572.74M 151.30% | -1.05B 284.19% | 1.64B 255.15% | 3.94B 140.55% | -914.97M 123.24% | -4.56B 398.71% | 5.38B 217.97% | -1.25B 123.28% | -175.15M 86.03% | -1.40B 699.55% | 983.37M 170.22% | -2.42B 345.92% | -1.05B 56.50% | 4.17B 496.05% | 5.67B 36.14% | -217.95M 103.84% | -1.39B 537.13% | 8.26B 694.61% | 5.87B 28.88% | 407.88M 93.05% | -2.47B 706.15% | 5.90B 338.52% | 10.91B 84.98% | 4.95B 54.63% | 10.59B 113.99% | 13.13B 23.94% | 16.73B 27.46% | 141.86M 99.15% | 9.53B 6,621.60% | 22.20B 132.79% | 33.59B 51.34% | 11.93B 64.48% | 2.79B 76.65% | 5.72B 105.11% | 7.31B 27.90% | 4.13B 43.51% | 67.51B 1,534.49% | 15.89B 76.46% | 71.86B 352.29% | ||||
capital expenditure | -1.18B - | -2.31B 94.92% | -2.29B 0.63% | -2.80B 22.10% | -2.49B 10.97% | -2.86B 14.88% | -3.10B 8.33% | -3.84B 23.81% | -2.72B 29.17% | -3.38B 24.42% | -2.99B 11.70% | -3.97B 32.79% | -3.30B 16.68% | -3.38B 2.27% | -3.58B 6.04% | -4.51B 25.80% | -4.04B 10.36% | -4.23B 4.74% | -4.26B 0.56% | -5.31B 24.76% | -4.86B 8.48% | -6.81B 40.10% | -3.73B 45.22% | -5.23B 40.11% | -3.93B 24.79% | -2.56B 34.75% | -2.68B 4.54% | -2.60B 3.14% | -4.21B 62.02% | -6.20B 47.33% | -10.31B 66.34% | -16.62B 61.22% | -13.45B 19.07% | -22.67B 68.52% | -28.15B 24.15% | -33.18B 17.86% | -32.36B 2.47% | -33.58B 3.77% | -35.03B 4.32% | -21.13B 39.69% | -26.09B 23.51% | -21.13B 19.02% | -22.29B 5.49% | |
free cash flow | -2.30B - | -1.73B 24.62% | -3.35B 93.07% | -1.16B 65.30% | 1.45B 224.55% | -3.78B 361.16% | -7.66B 102.91% | 1.55B 120.16% | -3.97B 357.05% | -3.56B 10.43% | -4.39B 23.32% | -2.98B 32.01% | -5.72B 91.87% | -4.43B 22.56% | 582.48M 113.14% | 1.16B 99.72% | -4.26B 466.12% | -5.62B 31.99% | 4.00B 171.15% | 561.59M 85.96% | -4.45B 892.89% | -9.28B 108.46% | 2.17B 123.34% | 5.68B 162.22% | 1.02B 82.09% | 8.02B 688.44% | 10.44B 30.14% | 14.13B 35.32% | -4.07B 128.77% | 3.34B 182.04% | 11.88B 256.30% | 16.97B 42.77% | -1.52B 108.96% | -19.89B 1,207.48% | -22.43B 12.81% | -25.87B 15.31% | -28.23B 9.12% | 33.93B 220.19% | -19.14B 156.42% | 50.74B 365.08% | -26.09B 151.43% | -21.13B 19.02% | -22.29B 5.49% |
All numbers in HKD (except ratios and percentages)