bf/NASDAQ:CSX_icon.jpeg

COM:CSX

CSX

  • Stock

Last Close

33.36

05/11 20:49

Market Cap

64.36B

Beta: -

Volume Today

5.08M

Avg: -

Preview

Full access to financials is available to subscribers only. Please support our work and get full access to all features. You can cancel anytime. If you'd like a demo, free trial or have any questions, please checkout the help page

Subscribe NowHelp
Dec '13
Mar '14
Jun '14
Sep '14
Dec '14
Mar '15
Jun '15
Sep '15
Dec '15
Mar '16
Jun '16
Sep '16
Dec '16
Mar '17
Jun '17
Sep '17
Dec '17
Mar '18
Jun '18
Sep '18
Dec '18
Mar '19
Jun '19
Sep '19
Dec '19
Mar '20
Jun '20
Sep '20
Dec '20
Mar '21
Jun '21
Sep '21
Dec '21
Mar '22
Jun '22
Sep '22
Dec '22
Mar '23
Jun '23
Sep '23
Dec '23
Mar '24
Jun '24
Sep '24
net income
407M
-
398M
2.21%
529M
32.91%
509M
3.78%
491M
3.54%
442M
9.98%
553M
25.11%
507M
8.32%
466M
8.09%
356M
23.61%
445M
25%
455M
2.25%
458M
0.66%
362M
20.96%
510M
40.88%
459M
10%
4.14B
801.96%
695M
83.21%
877M
26.19%
894M
1.94%
843M
5.70%
834M
1.07%
870M
4.32%
856M
1.61%
771M
9.93%
770M
0.13%
499M
35.19%
736M
47.49%
760M
3.26%
706M
7.11%
1.17B
66.15%
968M
17.48%
934M
3.51%
859M
8.03%
1.18B
37.14%
1.11B
5.69%
1.02B
8.37%
987M
3.05%
996M
0.91%
846M
15.06%
886M
4.73%
893M
0.79%
963M
7.84%
894M
7.17%
depreciation and amortization
281M
-
283M
0.71%
287M
1.41%
291M
1.39%
290M
0.34%
295M
1.72%
299M
1.36%
302M
1.00%
312M
3.31%
313M
0.32%
319M
1.92%
321M
0.63%
348M
8.41%
320M
8.05%
327M
2.19%
331M
1.22%
337M
1.81%
323M
4.15%
329M
1.86%
334M
1.52%
345M
3.29%
330M
4.35%
337M
2.12%
338M
0.30%
344M
1.78%
344M
0%
344M
0%
348M
1.16%
347M
0.29%
345M
0.58%
348M
0.87%
367M
5.46%
360M
1.91%
360M
0%
369M
2.50%
378M
2.44%
393M
3.97%
393M
0%
402M
2.29%
399M
0.75%
417M
4.51%
410M
1.68%
410M
0%
416M
1.46%
deferred income tax
71M
-
-1M
101.41%
87M
8,800%
4M
95.40%
208M
5,100%
6M
97.12%
27M
350%
49M
81.48%
374M
663.27%
80M
78.61%
85M
6.25%
147M
72.94%
93M
36.73%
59M
36.56%
53M
10.17%
49M
7.55%
-3.39B
7,026.53%
54M
101.59%
44M
18.52%
50M
13.64%
131M
162%
51M
61.07%
46M
9.80%
89M
93.48%
87M
2.25%
28M
67.82%
33M
17.86%
56M
69.70%
63M
12.50%
40M
36.51%
26M
35%
43M
65.38%
58M
34.88%
37M
36.21%
69M
86.49%
19M
72.46%
-8M
142.11%
35M
537.50%
43M
22.86%
33M
23.26%
29M
12.12%
11M
62.07%
3M
72.73%
5M
66.67%
stock based compensation
-63M
-
70M
211.11%
-3M
104.29%
-1M
66.67%
-31M
3,000%
79M
354.84%
-12M
115.19%
-92M
666.67%
129M
240.22%
-34M
126.36%
13M
138.24%
-1M
107.69%
-175M
17,400%
-139M
20.57%
355M
355.40%
-471M
232.68%
-17M
96.39%
-14M
17.65%
51M
464.29%
-272M
633.33%
-23M
91.54%
-64M
178.26%
36M
156.25%
-364M
1,111.11%
33M
109.07%
-72M
318.18%
-177M
145.83%
183M
203.39%
29M
84.15%
-119M
510.34%
-354M
197.48%
-180M
49.15%
26M
114.44%
8M
-
17M
112.50%
13M
23.53%
239M
1,738.46%
-6M
102.51%
-789M
13,050%
-1M
99.87%
change in working capital
-7M
-
-71M
914.29%
-64M
9.86%
74M
215.63%
25M
66.22%
-79M
416%
-7M
91.14%
91M
1,400%
-199M
318.68%
34M
117.09%
-13M
138.24%
-3M
76.92%
51M
1,800%
139M
172.55%
-355M
355.40%
471M
232.68%
-220M
146.71%
-43M
80.45%
-118M
174.42%
195M
265.25%
-26M
113.33%
18M
169.23%
-94M
622.22%
272M
389.36%
-79M
129.04%
54M
168.35%
166M
207.41%
-187M
212.65%
-31M
83.42%
116M
474.19%
-13M
111.21%
120M
1,023.08%
-50M
141.67%
66M
232.00%
-238M
460.61%
282M
218.49%
-19M
106.74%
-125M
557.89%
-251M
100.80%
248M
198.80%
250M
0.81%
-214M
185.60%
-271M
26.64%
395M
245.76%
accounts receivables
70M
-
-46M
165.71%
-14M
69.57%
-56M
300%
-3M
94.64%
19M
733.33%
82M
331.58%
25M
69.51%
23M
8%
57M
147.83%
9M
84.21%
2M
77.78%
16M
700%
-30M
287.50%
-73M
143.33%
25M
134.25%
8M
68%
-50M
725%
3M
106%
-50M
1,766.67%
51M
202%
-56M
209.80%
-5M
91.07%
22M
540%
84M
281.82%
-27M
132.14%
147M
644.44%
-108M
173.47%
71M
165.74%
-64M
190.14%
-63M
1.56%
-26M
58.73%
12M
146.15%
-131M
1,191.67%
-67M
48.85%
55M
182.09%
42M
23.64%
-63M
250%
71M
212.70%
-73M
202.82%
14M
119.18%
5M
64.29%
-24M
580%
26M
208.33%
inventory
accounts payables
-57M
-
30M
152.63%
-80M
366.67%
70M
187.50%
-19M
127.14%
24M
226.32%
-92M
483.33%
71M
177.17%
-82M
215.49%
50M
160.98%
-50M
200%
94M
288%
-54M
157.45%
91M
268.52%
-85M
193.41%
96M
212.94%
-61M
163.54%
64M
204.92%
-53M
182.81%
129M
343.40%
-36M
127.91%
74M
305.56%
-35M
147.30%
113M
422.86%
-54M
147.79%
14M
125.93%
-99M
807.14%
79M
179.80%
-14M
117.72%
53M
478.57%
20M
62.26%
59M
195%
-4M
106.78%
82M
2,150%
-21M
125.61%
105M
600%
-26M
124.76%
70M
369.23%
-90M
228.57%
72M
180%
31M
56.94%
72M
132.26%
-114M
258.33%
99M
186.84%
other working capital
-20M
-
-55M
175%
30M
154.55%
60M
100%
47M
21.67%
-122M
359.57%
3M
102.46%
-5M
266.67%
-140M
2,700%
-73M
47.86%
28M
138.36%
-99M
453.57%
89M
189.90%
78M
12.36%
-197M
352.56%
350M
277.66%
-167M
147.71%
-57M
65.87%
-68M
19.30%
116M
270.59%
-41M
135.34%
-54M
-
137M
353.70%
-109M
179.56%
67M
161.47%
118M
76.12%
-158M
233.90%
-88M
44.30%
127M
244.32%
30M
76.38%
87M
190%
-58M
166.67%
115M
298.28%
-150M
230.43%
122M
181.33%
-35M
128.69%
-132M
277.14%
-232M
75.76%
249M
207.33%
205M
17.67%
-77M
137.56%
-133M
72.73%
270M
303.01%
other non cash items
79M
-
-80M
201.27%
10M
112.50%
-20M
300%
58M
390%
-53M
191.38%
32M
160.38%
73M
128.13%
-224M
406.85%
5M
102.23%
-11M
320%
-23M
109.09%
-222M
865.22%
302M
236.04%
-367M
221.52%
456M
224.25%
-235M
151.54%
-49M
79.15%
-140M
185.71%
196M
240%
-35M
117.86%
4M
111.43%
-101M
2,625%
279M
376.24%
-43M
115.41%
54M
225.58%
141M
161.11%
-192M
236.17%
-33M
82.81%
144M
536.36%
-13M
109.03%
102M
884.62%
-48M
147.06%
-23M
52.08%
-147M
539.13%
-73M
50.34%
-37M
49.32%
-52M
40.54%
-197M
278.85%
46M
123.35%
707M
1,436.96%
-15M
102.12%
942M
6,380%
-24M
102.55%
net cash provided by operating activities
768M
-
599M
22.01%
846M
41.24%
857M
1.30%
1.04B
21.47%
690M
33.72%
892M
29.28%
930M
4.26%
858M
7.74%
754M
12.12%
838M
11.14%
896M
6.92%
553M
38.28%
1.04B
88.61%
523M
49.86%
1.29B
147.61%
611M
52.82%
966M
58.10%
1.04B
7.97%
1.40B
33.94%
1.24B
11.60%
1.17B
5.02%
1.09B
6.73%
1.47B
34.37%
1.11B
24.29%
1.18B
5.84%
1.01B
14.60%
944M
6.16%
1.14B
20.23%
1.23B
8.55%
1.17B
5.28%
1.42B
21.68%
1.28B
9.86%
1.30B
1.48%
1.23B
5.23%
1.73B
40.13%
1.36B
20.93%
1.25B
8.28%
1.23B
1.52%
1.57B
27.11%
1.50B
4.21%
1.08B
27.73%
1.09B
0.46%
1.69B
54.82%
investments in property plant and equipment
-626M
-
-475M
24.12%
-481M
1.26%
-601M
24.95%
-892M
48.42%
-598M
32.96%
-690M
15.38%
-621M
10%
-653M
5.15%
-425M
34.92%
-641M
50.82%
-524M
18.25%
-808M
54.20%
-441M
45.42%
-514M
16.55%
-507M
1.36%
-578M
14.00%
-368M
36.33%
-455M
23.64%
-417M
8.35%
-505M
21.10%
-353M
30.10%
-416M
17.85%
-422M
1.44%
-466M
10.43%
-381M
18.24%
-420M
10.24%
-408M
2.86%
-417M
2.21%
-306M
26.62%
-448M
46.41%
-466M
4.02%
-571M
22.53%
-331M
42.03%
-480M
45.02%
-626M
30.42%
-696M
11.18%
-443M
36.35%
-572M
29.12%
-575M
0.52%
-691M
20.17%
-524M
24.17%
-542M
3.44%
-625M
15.31%
acquisitions net
53M
-
62M
-
147M
-
8M
-
3M
62.50%
184M
6,033.33%
62M
-
48M
22.58%
98M
104.17%
72M
26.53%
36M
50%
35M
2.78%
2M
-
-9M
550%
-199M
2,111.11%
-15M
92.46%
-4M
73.33%
-2M
50%
-29M
1,350%
17M
-
-26M
252.94%
19M
173.08%
-11M
157.89%
purchases of investments
-447M
-
-165M
63.09%
-195M
18.18%
-810M
315.38%
-263M
67.53%
-105M
60.08%
-670M
538.10%
-395M
41.04%
-569M
44.05%
-235M
58.70%
-25M
89.36%
-150M
500%
-519M
246%
-75M
85.55%
-470M
526.67%
-100M
78.72%
-137M
37%
-77M
-
-534M
593.51%
-125M
76.59%
-813M
550.40%
-614M
24.48%
-828M
34.85%
-583M
29.59%
-426M
26.93%
-75M
-
-19M
74.67%
-40M
-
-101M
152.50%
-1M
99.01%
-1M
0%
-1M
0%
sales maturities of investments
94M
-
409M
335.11%
237M
42.05%
456M
92.41%
572M
25.44%
140M
75.52%
250M
78.57%
650M
160%
185M
71.54%
670M
262.16%
140M
79.10%
260M
85.71%
255M
1.92%
205M
19.61%
287M
40%
465M
62.02%
236M
49.25%
8M
96.61%
4M
50%
3M
25%
490M
16,233.33%
250M
48.98%
560M
124%
670M
19.64%
628M
6.27%
936M
49.04%
285M
69.55%
202M
29.12%
1M
99.50%
1M
0%
2M
-
2M
0%
9M
-
53M
-
100M
88.68%
81M
-
other investing activites
-58M
-
4M
106.90%
16M
300%
-15M
193.75%
-42M
180%
63M
250%
36M
42.86%
-11M
130.56%
-51M
363.64%
31M
160.78%
-4M
112.90%
-1M
75%
-17M
1,600%
25M
247.06%
16M
36%
30M
87.50%
63M
110.00%
44M
30.16%
89M
102.27%
116M
30.34%
-19M
116.38%
-2M
89.47%
-14M
600%
35M
350%
12M
65.71%
-20M
266.67%
-12M
40%
16M
233.33%
-40M
350%
8M
120%
218M
2,625%
-472M
316.51%
228M
148.31%
-9M
103.95%
19M
311.11%
16M
15.79%
253M
1,481.25%
13M
94.86%
2M
84.62%
1M
50%
-57M
5,800%
-35M
38.60%
-21M
40%
-38M
80.95%
net cash used for investing activites
-984M
-
-227M
76.93%
-423M
86.34%
-970M
129.31%
-563M
41.96%
-500M
11.19%
-1.07B
114.80%
-377M
64.90%
-941M
149.60%
41M
104.36%
-522M
1,373.17%
-412M
21.07%
-905M
119.66%
-286M
68.40%
-681M
138.11%
-112M
83.55%
-416M
271.43%
-316M
24.04%
-439M
38.92%
-832M
89.52%
-97M
88.34%
-870M
796.91%
-386M
55.63%
-473M
22.54%
-373M
21.14%
144M
138.61%
-147M
202.08%
-190M
29.25%
-456M
140%
-297M
34.87%
-230M
22.56%
-936M
306.96%
-414M
55.77%
-368M
11.11%
-651M
76.90%
-625M
3.99%
-487M
22.08%
-480M
1.44%
-500M
4.17%
-575M
15%
-732M
27.30%
-504M
31.15%
-544M
7.94%
-674M
23.90%
debt repayment
-1M
-
-209M
20,800%
-35M
83.25%
-688M
1,865.71%
-1M
99.85%
-210M
-
-18M
91.43%
-1M
94.44%
-19M
-
-1.40B
7,268.42%
-19M
-
-1M
94.74%
-19M
-
-19M
0%
-500M
-
-18M
-
-500M
2,677.78%
-360M
28.00%
-30M
-
-36M
20%
-6M
83.33%
-87M
1,350%
-85M
2.30%
-8M
90.59%
-142M
1,675%
-4M
97.18%
-4M
0%
-3M
25%
-2M
33.33%
-2M
0%
-2M
0%
common stock issued
500M
-
1B
-
600M
-
2.20B
-
1.02B
-
500M
-
422M
-
600M
-
common stock repurchased
-129M
-
-127M
1.55%
-130M
2.36%
-131M
0.77%
-129M
1.53%
-127M
1.55%
-157M
23.62%
-262M
66.88%
-258M
1.53%
-249M
3.49%
-266M
6.83%
-263M
1.13%
-278M
5.70%
-258M
7.19%
-499M
93.41%
-1.01B
101.60%
-207M
79.42%
-836M
303.86%
-1.06B
27.27%
-1.02B
4.51%
-1.75B
72.74%
-796M
54.64%
-860M
8.04%
-1.11B
29.19%
-606M
45.45%
-577M
4.79%
-39M
93.24%
-48M
23.08%
-203M
322.92%
-551M
171.43%
-701M
27.22%
-1.06B
51.78%
-570M
46.43%
-1.02B
78.25%
-1.50B
47.54%
-1.20B
20.28%
-1.02B
14.56%
-1.07B
4.51%
-863M
19.12%
-971M
12.51%
-581M
40.16%
-247M
57.49%
-563M
127.94%
-402M
28.60%
dividends paid
-152M
-
-151M
0.66%
-160M
5.96%
-159M
0.63%
-159M
0%
-158M
0.63%
-178M
12.66%
-176M
1.12%
-174M
1.14%
-173M
0.57%
-171M
1.16%
-169M
1.17%
-167M
1.18%
-166M
0.60%
-184M
10.84%
-180M
2.17%
-178M
1.11%
-194M
8.99%
-190M
2.06%
-186M
2.11%
-181M
2.69%
-195M
7.73%
-193M
1.03%
-189M
2.07%
-186M
1.59%
-201M
8.06%
-199M
1.00%
-199M
0%
-198M
0.50%
-213M
7.58%
-212M
0.47%
-208M
1.89%
-206M
0.96%
-218M
5.83%
-215M
1.38%
-212M
1.40%
-207M
2.36%
-226M
9.18%
-222M
1.77%
-218M
1.80%
-216M
0.92%
-235M
8.80%
-233M
0.85%
-232M
0.43%
other financing activites
-1M
-
-2M
100%
-3M
-
1M
133.33%
-13M
1,400%
4M
130.77%
6M
50%
603M
9,950%
-270M
144.78%
-44M
83.70%
4M
109.09%
-3M
175%
-6M
100%
531M
8,950%
-7M
101.32%
1M
114.29%
1.96B
195,800%
-10M
100.51%
-1M
90%
-7M
600%
1.02B
14,642.86%
10M
99.02%
971M
9,610%
-11M
101.13%
493M
4,581.82%
-225M
145.64%
18M
108%
-47M
361.11%
15M
131.91%
7M
53.33%
11M
57.14%
6M
45.45%
6M
0%
9M
50%
1.98B
21,888.89%
-416M
121.02%
-3M
99.28%
22M
833.33%
6M
72.73%
25M
316.67%
34M
36%
8M
76.47%
30M
275%
net cash used provided by financing activities
217M
-
-489M
325.35%
-325M
33.54%
19M
105.85%
-288M
1,615.79%
-298M
3.47%
59M
119.80%
-450M
862.71%
170M
137.78%
-692M
507.06%
-481M
30.49%
-447M
7.07%
352M
178.75%
-430M
222.16%
-152M
64.65%
-1.21B
697.37%
-385M
68.23%
929M
341.30%
-1.26B
236.06%
-1.22B
3.32%
-943M
22.83%
27M
102.86%
-1.04B
3,962.96%
-329M
68.46%
-1.30B
296.05%
-285M
78.13%
-463M
62.46%
-247M
46.65%
-448M
81.38%
-1.11B
147.54%
-906M
18.30%
-1.29B
42.49%
-806M
37.57%
-1.23B
53.10%
-1.79B
45.22%
487M
127.18%
-1.23B
352.57%
-1.44B
16.91%
-1.07B
25.80%
-587M
44.99%
-775M
32.03%
-450M
41.94%
-790M
75.56%
-606M
23.29%
effect of forex changes on cash
net change in cash
1M
-
-117M
11,800%
98M
183.76%
-94M
195.92%
190M
302.13%
-108M
156.84%
-123M
13.89%
103M
183.74%
87M
15.53%
103M
18.39%
-165M
260.19%
37M
122.42%
327M
-
-310M
194.80%
-29M
90.65%
-190M
555.17%
1.58B
931.05%
-660M
141.80%
-657M
0.45%
195M
129.68%
330M
69.23%
-335M
201.52%
668M
299.40%
-563M
184.28%
1.04B
284.19%
396M
61.81%
507M
28.03%
231M
54.44%
-174M
175.32%
31M
117.82%
-807M
2,703.23%
60M
107.43%
-303M
605%
-1.21B
300%
1.59B
230.94%
-353M
122.24%
-667M
88.95%
-335M
49.78%
404M
220.60%
-7M
101.73%
130M
1,957.14%
-245M
288.46%
406M
265.71%
cash at beginning of period
591M
-
592M
0.17%
475M
19.76%
573M
20.63%
479M
16.40%
669M
39.67%
561M
16.14%
438M
21.93%
541M
23.52%
628M
16.08%
731M
16.40%
566M
22.57%
603M
6.54%
603M
0%
930M
54.23%
620M
33.33%
591M
4.68%
401M
32.15%
1.98B
393.77%
1.32B
33.33%
663M
49.77%
858M
29.41%
1.19B
38.46%
853M
28.20%
1.52B
78.31%
958M
37.02%
2.00B
108.25%
2.39B
19.85%
2.90B
21.20%
3.13B
7.97%
2.96B
5.56%
2.99B
1.05%
2.18B
27.03%
2.24B
2.75%
1.94B
13.53%
724M
62.60%
2.31B
219.20%
1.96B
15.27%
1.29B
34.07%
956M
25.95%
1.36B
42.26%
1.35B
0.51%
1.48B
9.61%
1.24B
16.52%
cash at end of period
592M
-
475M
19.76%
573M
20.63%
479M
16.40%
669M
39.67%
561M
16.14%
438M
21.93%
541M
23.52%
628M
16.08%
731M
16.40%
566M
22.57%
603M
6.54%
603M
0%
930M
54.23%
620M
33.33%
591M
4.68%
401M
32.15%
1.98B
393.77%
1.32B
33.33%
663M
49.77%
858M
29.41%
1.19B
38.46%
853M
28.20%
1.52B
78.31%
958M
37.02%
2.00B
108.25%
2.39B
19.85%
2.90B
21.20%
3.13B
7.97%
2.96B
5.56%
2.99B
1.05%
2.18B
27.03%
2.24B
2.75%
1.94B
13.53%
724M
62.60%
2.31B
219.20%
1.96B
15.27%
1.29B
34.07%
956M
25.95%
1.36B
42.26%
1.35B
0.51%
1.48B
9.61%
1.24B
16.52%
1.64B
32.79%
operating cash flow
768M
-
599M
22.01%
846M
41.24%
857M
1.30%
1.04B
21.47%
690M
33.72%
892M
29.28%
930M
4.26%
858M
7.74%
754M
12.12%
838M
11.14%
896M
6.92%
553M
38.28%
1.04B
88.61%
523M
49.86%
1.29B
147.61%
611M
52.82%
966M
58.10%
1.04B
7.97%
1.40B
33.94%
1.24B
11.60%
1.17B
5.02%
1.09B
6.73%
1.47B
34.37%
1.11B
24.29%
1.18B
5.84%
1.01B
14.60%
944M
6.16%
1.14B
20.23%
1.23B
8.55%
1.17B
5.28%
1.42B
21.68%
1.28B
9.86%
1.30B
1.48%
1.23B
5.23%
1.73B
40.13%
1.36B
20.93%
1.25B
8.28%
1.23B
1.52%
1.57B
27.11%
1.50B
4.21%
1.08B
27.73%
1.09B
0.46%
1.69B
54.82%
capital expenditure
-626M
-
-475M
24.12%
-481M
1.26%
-601M
24.95%
-892M
48.42%
-598M
32.96%
-690M
15.38%
-621M
10%
-653M
5.15%
-425M
34.92%
-641M
50.82%
-524M
18.25%
-808M
54.20%
-441M
45.42%
-514M
16.55%
-507M
1.36%
-578M
14.00%
-368M
36.33%
-455M
23.64%
-417M
8.35%
-505M
21.10%
-353M
30.10%
-416M
17.85%
-422M
1.44%
-466M
10.43%
-381M
18.24%
-420M
10.24%
-408M
2.86%
-417M
2.21%
-306M
26.62%
-448M
46.41%
-466M
4.02%
-571M
22.53%
-331M
42.03%
-480M
45.02%
-626M
30.42%
-696M
11.18%
-443M
36.35%
-572M
29.12%
-575M
0.52%
-691M
20.17%
-524M
24.17%
-542M
3.44%
-625M
15.31%
free cash flow
142M
-
124M
12.68%
365M
194.35%
256M
29.86%
149M
41.80%
92M
38.26%
202M
119.57%
309M
52.97%
205M
33.66%
329M
60.49%
197M
40.12%
372M
88.83%
-255M
168.55%
602M
336.08%
9M
98.50%
788M
8,655.56%
33M
95.81%
598M
1,712.12%
588M
1.67%
980M
66.67%
730M
25.51%
820M
12.33%
678M
17.32%
1.05B
54.57%
647M
38.26%
797M
23.18%
586M
26.47%
536M
8.53%
718M
33.96%
926M
28.97%
719M
22.35%
954M
32.68%
709M
25.68%
968M
36.53%
751M
22.42%
1.10B
46.34%
668M
39.22%
808M
20.96%
660M
18.32%
991M
50.15%
809M
18.37%
560M
30.78%
547M
2.32%
1.06B
93.97%

All numbers in (except ratios and percentages)