PDVSA is a Venezuelan state-owned oil and natural gas company. PDVSA plans, coordinates, supervises, and controls exploration, exploitation, transportation, manufacturing, refining, storage, marketing, or any other activities within its competence regarding crude oil and other hydrocarbons of its subsidiaries, both in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and abroad. PDVSA also promotes or participates in activities aimed at fostering the integral, organic, and sustainable development of the country, including those of an agricultural and industrial nature, the production or processing of goods and their marketing and provision of services to achieve an adequate connection of hydrocarbon resources with the Venezuelan economy.

PDVSA

Ecopetrol S.A. operates as an integrated energy company. The company operates through four segments: Exploration and Production; Transport and Logistics; Refining, Petrochemical and Biofuels; and Electric Power Transmission and Toll Roads Concessions. It engages in the exploration and production of oil and gas; transportation of crude oil, motor fuels, fuel oil, and other refined products, including diesel, jet, and biofuels; processing and refining crude oil; distribution of natural gas and LPG; sale of refined and petrochemical products; supplying of electric power transmission services; design, development, construction, operation, and maintenance of road and energy infrastructure projects; and supplying of information technology and telecommunications services. As of December 31, 2021, the company had approximately 9,127 kilometers of crude oil and multi-purpose pipelines. It also produces and commercializes polypropylene resins and compounds, and masterbatches; and offers industrial service sales to customers and specialized management services. It has operations in Colombia, the United States, Asia, Central America and the Caribbean, Europe, South America, and internationally. The company was formerly known as Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos and changed its name to Ecopetrol S.A. in June 2003. Ecopetrol S.A. was incorporated in 1948 and is based in Bogotá, Colombia.

Ecopetrol S.A.

Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiaries, engages in integrated energy and chemicals operations worldwide. The company operates in two segments, Upstream and Downstream. The Upstream segment is involved in the exploration, development, production, and transportation of crude oil and natural gas; processing, liquefaction, transportation, and regasification associated with liquefied natural gas; transportation of crude oil through pipelines; and transportation, storage, and marketing of natural gas, as well as operates a gas-to-liquids plant. The Downstream segment engages in refining crude oil into petroleum products; marketing crude oil, refined products, and lubricants; manufacturing and marketing of renewable fuels; transporting crude oil and refined products by pipeline, marine vessel, motor equipment, and rail car; and manufacturing and marketing of commodity petrochemicals, plastics for industrial uses, and fuel and lubricant additives. It is also involved in the cash management and debt financing activities; insurance operations; real estate activities; and technology businesses. The company was formerly known as ChevronTexaco Corporation and changed its name to Chevron Corporation in 2005. Chevron Corporation was founded in 1879 and is based in San Ramon, California.

Charles N. Felton

Chevron Corporation

Eni S.p.A. engages in the exploration, development, and production of crude oil and natural gas. It operates through Exploration & Production; Global Gas & LNG Portfolio; Refining & Marketing and Chemicals; Plenitude and Power; and Corporate and Other activities segments. The Exploration & Production segment is involved in the research, development, and production of oil, condensates and natural gas; and forestry conservation and CO2 capture and storage projects. The Global Gas & LNG Portfolio segment engages in the supply and wholesale of natural gas by pipeline, international transport; and purchase and marketing of LNG. The Refining & Marketing and Chemicals segment is involved in the processing, supply, distribution, and marketing of fuels and chemicals. The Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables segment engages in the retail sales of gas, electricity, and related activities, as well as in the production and wholesale of electricity produced by thermoelectric and renewable plants. As of December 31, 2021, it had net proved reserves of 6,628 million barrels of oil equivalent; and installed operational capacity of 4.5 GW. The company was founded in 1953 and is headquartered in Rome, Italy.

Metric
Company Name	PDVSA	Ecopetrol S.A.	Chevron Corporation	Eni S.p.A.
Symbol		EC	CVX	ENI
MSH ID	COM:PDVSA	CO:COM:ECOPETROL	COM:CHEVRON	COM:ENI
Market	PRIVATE	STOCKS	STOCKS	STOCKS
Sector	Energy	Energy	Energy	Energy
Industry	Oil & Gas	Oil & Gas Integrated	Oil & Gas Integrated	Oil & Gas Integrated
Country	VE	CO	US	IT
Stage
Employee Count		18.90K	45.60K	33.14K
Website	pdvsa.com	ecopetrol.com.co	chevron.com	eni.com
LinkedIn			chevron	eni
Founders

Metric
Market Cap		22.90B	285.90B	47.03B
Enterprise Value
Monthly Web Traffic	66.96K		1.16M
Web Traffic Growth	-0.34		0.17
Valuation
Raised Capital				210M

Metric
Revenue	27.51B	200.95B	98.99B
Revenue (LTM)
Revenue (NTM)
Gross Profit	7.10B	200.95B	9.73B
EBITDA	8.32B	47.38B	18.58B
Operating Income	5.13B	30.05B	10.68B
Net Income	4.26B	21.41B	5.01B
EPS	0.10	0.01	1.52
Diluted EPS	0.10	0.01	1.51
Revenue 2022
Revenue 2023
Revenue 2024
Revenue 2025
Revenue 2026

Metric
Revenue Growth (LTM)
Revenue Growth (NTM)
Gross Profit Growth (LTM)
EBITDA Growth (LTM)
Net Income Growth (LTM)
14-Day Growth Score
28-Day Growth Score
90-Day Growth Score
365-Day Growth Score

Metric
Gross Profit Margin	0.36	0.26	0.12
Operating Profit Margin	0.29	0.15	0.12
EBITDA Margin	0.30	0.24	0.19
Net Profit Margin	0.14	0.11	0.05
Return on Equity	0.25	0.12	0.09
Return on Assets	0.07	0.08	0.03
Return on Capital Employed	0.17	0.13	0.10

COM:PDVSA

PDVSA

Company Overview

Market Metrics

Financial Performance

Growth Metrics

Profitability Ratios

Valuation Multiples

Operational Metrics

Cash Flow Metrics

Balance Sheet Metrics

Efficiency Metrics

Metric
P/E Ratio	4.42	13.33K	9.19
P/B Ratio	1.23	1.77K	0.83
Revenue Multiple (LTM)
Revenue Multiple (NTM)
EBITDA Multiple (LTM)
EBITDA Multiple (NTM)
Price to Sales Ratio	0.75	1.58	0.53
EV Multiple	0.12	7.87	0.92

Metric
Days Sales Outstanding	90.57		55.92
Days Payables Outstanding	49.79		72.40
Days Inventory Outstanding	51.47	24.20	29.93
Operating Cycle	167.10	62.80	100.98
Cash Conversion Cycle	94.97	14.95	37.52
Asset Turnover	0.50	0.75	0.66

Metric
Operating Cash Flow	3.48B	35.60B	15.97B
Free Cash Flow	-1.90B	19.77B	6.24B
Cash Flow to Debt	0.30	1.63	0.51
Operating Cash Flow/Sales	0.26	0.18	0.16
Free Cash Flow Yield	-0.04	0.02	0.13

Metric
Cash & Equivalents	2.76B	8.45B	10.77B
Accounts Receivable	-4.95B	1.34B	3.51B
Inventory	2.40B	8.61B	6.53B
Goodwill	1.03B	4.72B
Debt to Capitalization	0.61	0.13	0.44
Debt to Assets	0.32	0.08	0.23
Current Ratio	1.43		1.43
Quick Ratio	1.22	1.31	1.09

Metric
Rule of 40 (LTM)
Rule of 40 (NTM)
Stock Comp to Revenue	-0.02	-0.00
R&D to Revenue
SG&A to Revenue	0.04		0.03